The Timeline of the Low Countries is a chronological list of facts and events concerning the Low Countries, an area roughly covering the lowlands of the Netherlands, Belgium and some adjacent regions, located around the major rivers of Northwestern Europe that flow into the North Sea and the Close to Kales. Varying units formed under Celtic-Germanic and Roman influences respectively. Subsequently, under the impulse of Christianization, they evolved into larger empires with an increasingly feudal structure. The rise of the cities led to an increase in wealth, but also a shift in power and fragmentation. Attempts at centralization alternated with tendencies towards autonomy.

Timeline of the Frankish era (4th century – 9th century)